Principal Component 1 (stream width, conductivity, specifically chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO4-2), potassium (K+), and sodium (Na+) ions) very strongly predicted the abundance of the invasive snail, Potamopyrgus (Table 4). The abundances of Potamopyrgus per sample correspond with densities varying from 6–11,600 individuals/m2.

 
 
  Part of: Larson MD, Greenwood D, Flanigan K, Krist AC (2023) Field surveys reveal physicochemical conditions promoting occurrence and high abundance of an invasive freshwater snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum). Aquatic Invasions 18(1): 83-102. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2023.18.1.103389