Time-space relationships of invasive dispersal of S. woodiana in Europe: (A) scatterplot depicting reported occurrences against time (year of sampling), (B) T-value biplot for selected PCoA axes (spatial eigenfunctions) obtained on coordinates by db-MEM constrained by time (Year), the red circle delimiting the positive and the blue the negative responses, (C) response curves (GAM) of selected PCoA axes responses to time (defined by the range of invasive history, coefficients of determination r2 are given for most dependent variables responses), (D) contour plots (GAM) of selected PCoA axes (spatial eigenvectors from db-MEM analysis), the case scores given for the first unconstrained axis (by PCA) in black and for the first axis constrained by Time (RDA) in red.