Von Bertalanffy growth curves and 90% prediction intervals (shaded) for Silver Carp collected in the Big Sioux and James rivers, South Dakota from 2020–2022. Circles represent individual length-at-age estimates and are randomly offset to reduce overlap, and the dashed line represents the combined von Bertalanffy growth curve across the observed ages from the early stages of invasion (2009–2012) in the eastern South Dakota tributaries to the Missouri River (Hayer et al. 2014b).