Growth traits, i.e., the total biomass, shoot/root (S/R) ratio, and diaspore number, and photosynthetic traits, i.e., the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II Fv/Fm, observed in the experiment. The values are expressed as the mean ± standard error (S.E.) (n = 6). The different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P = 0.05).

 
 
  Part of: Huang X, Wang H, Li S, Xu L, Wu Z, He H, Li K (2025) Plasticity and rooting behaviour of Pontederia crassipes under vernal water level rise: Implications for biological invasion and management. Aquatic Invasions 20(3): 291-307. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2025.20.3.160924