Plasticity and rooting behaviour of Pontederia crassipes under vernal water level rise: Implications for biological invasion and management


	Root topological traits, i.e., topological indices TI, qa and qb, observed in the experiment. The values are expressed as the mean ± S.E. (n = 6). The different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P = 0.05).

Part of: Huang X, Wang H, Li S, Xu L, Wu Z, He H, Li K (2025) Plasticity and rooting behaviour of Pontederia crassipes under vernal water level rise: Implications for biological invasion and management. Aquatic Invasions 20(3): 291-307. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2025.20.3.160924