Map of study sites in Willapa Bay, Washington, USA. Insets indicated by colored, shaded boxes depict four regions of the bay with multiple sites at greater spatial resolution. Triangles indicate locations of predator exclusion experiment and synoptic crab sampling (8 sites), circles indicate locations of large clam net exclosures (4 sites), diamonds indicate locations of WSG Crab Team crab monitoring (4 sites), and squares indicate locations of WDFW crab monitoring (6 sites). The dotted line is the “fattening line” identified for the past century where there is a shift in water residence (1 wk down-estuary/ north, 1 mo up-estuary/ south).