DOI: 10.3391/ai.2026.21.3.200590

Authors: Miranda N. Andersen, Geethen Singh, Tamara B. Robinson

Abstract: Effective management of invasive alien species relies on spatial and temporal data. Yet, such information is scarce in the marine realm due to challenges associated with monitoring in highly connected environments that can be difficult to observe. As a result, many marine invasions remain poorly documented, hindering management. One such case is that of the European daisy anemone Cereus pedunculatus Pennant, 1777 in its invaded range of South Africa. Until recently, this alien anemone was thought to be restricted to the Langebaan Lagoon marine protected area (MPA), where occurrence records are seldom updated. The recent detection of C. pedunculatus in a distant estuary highlights the potential for further spread. To inform the management of this species, this study updated occurrence and abundance records in Langebaan Lagoon MPA and identified potential invasion hotspots using an ensemble-based species distribution model. Field surveys revealed that the anemone has expanded into six new areas of the lagoon since 2013. Modelling results indicate highly suitable conditions for the anemone at 31 sheltered sites along the coast of South Africa, including four sites within MPAs (i.e. Namaqua National Park MPA, Betty’s Bay MPA, Stilbaai MPA, and Goukamma MPA). Given this invasion risk, management agencies should employ routine monitoring and develop contingency plans for these sites to ensure adequate preparedness for future incursions of the species. Additionally, countries with climatically suitable regions, including Argentina, Australia, Denmark, New Zealand, Norway, and the United States, may consider including C. pedunculatus on national watchlists.

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